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Meet Dr. Ava Mainieri."}],"markDefs":[],"style":"large"},{"_key":"334e1f0e67b9","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"334e1f0e67b90","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"Where did you grow up, what brought you to NYC, and what drew you to becoming a researcher?"}],"markDefs":[],"style":"h4"},{"_key":"4e3047c0218e","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"ed95f761eeec","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"My father is a theoretical physicist, so I grew up near the Los Alamos National Laboratory, home to the creation of the atomic bomb. We then moved to Copenhagen, Denmark where he worked at the Niels Bohr Institute, and finally we moved to Northern Virginia. My parents knew from an early age that I loved science, so they let me order a fruit fly kit from Carolina Biological. I learned how to make the flies sleepy using ether and separate the pigments in their eyes — what I did not learn was how to properly put the caps back on the fly bottles. My poor parents had to deal with a fruit fly infestation for an entire month! After graduating from Cornell University in 2012, I worked at Memorial Sloan Kettering under Dr. Jennifer Zallen for two years in her molecular biology lab. There, I co-authored two papers focused on how cancer cells move throughout the body. In August of 2014, I joined Dr. David Haig’s lab at Harvard University and just completed my PhD. My thesis focused on a phenomenon called genomic imprinting (a form of epigenetics) and its role in female reproductive health and pregnancy."}],"markDefs":[],"style":"normal"},{"_key":"8261e8735cac","_type":"editorialImageCarousel","items":[{"_key":"6b1ec4950778","_type":"editorialImageAndText","imageCaption":{"_type":"imageCaption","image":{"_type":"image","asset":{"_ref":"image-b739a7ddad355b7573455bb395c97fd4618278e2-1644x1096-png","_type":"reference"}}},"text":[{"_key":"40491089a0d2","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"40491089a0d20","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"Neighbors putting out flowers we can plant. Starring my dog Zeta. Her favorite foods are lettuce, carrots, and bugs from the garden."}],"markDefs":[],"style":"normal"}]}],"layoutStyle":"inline","spacing":"pys"},{"_key":"89e5383c936f","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"89e5383c936f0","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"What do you find most challenging/confusing about navigating healthcare?"}],"markDefs":[],"style":"h4"},{"_key":"13ca81dd9c78","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"8da5a7b6c647","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"Throughout my Ph.D. I was surprised to find that, apart from reproductive health concerns, medicine does not pay a lot of attention to females specifically. Instead, there is a one-size-fits all approach to clinical research. Women are more likely to be diagnosed with an autoimmune disorder and are at least twice as likely to have chronic pain conditions. The immune system is also thought to be behind sex-specific responses to vaccines: females develop higher antibody responses and have more frequent reactions to vaccines. There was even a 2014 paper proposing developing male and female versions of flu vaccines. And despite an abundance of evidence showing that research conducted on males cannot be extrapolated to females (and that there are plentiful differences between them in everything from drug responses to risk factors for various diseases) many clinicians still don’t routinely analyze and report such differences. There are vast medical data gaps to be filled in, but the past 20 years have demonstrably shown that women are not just smaller men. So why aren’t we actively researching this? At Tia, I believe that we finally are!"}],"markDefs":[],"style":"normal"},{"_key":"80f64de332bb","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"80f64de332bb0","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"What is something you’ve learned about health and/or the healthcare system that you want to share with others?"}],"markDefs":[],"style":"h4"},{"_key":"e83d53984a3f","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"844bea21b3db","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"A common metaphor in medicine is that the body is a machine designed for certain functions and that when things go awry, they can be treated in the same way a mechanic might fix a car: tighten some screws, add some oil, and adjust the tire pressure. The human body, however, is a fascinating bundle of compromises shaped by natural selection. This leaves us vulnerable to diseases and disorder, but also makes us amazingly resilient. Our bodies can cope with migrations and major environmental challenges, adapting physically and emotionally! 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Some of the questions I’ve been asked led me to do a project on esters (take an acid and an alcohol, shake it up, and the end project is something stinky) or set up a camera so I could watch a tiny fruit fly walk across a table. There is no better preparation for a scientific life."}],"markDefs":[],"style":"normal"},{"_key":"5e28a08317d4","_type":"editorialImageCarousel","items":[{"_key":"faf1c9fc699d","_type":"editorialImageAndText","imageCaption":{"_type":"imageCaption","image":{"_type":"image","asset":{"_ref":"image-387e42f6117e31296785df06b5bb031f1f720b65-1644x1096-png","_type":"reference"}}},"text":[{"_key":"26741bf209d2","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"26741bf209d20","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"Dr. Ava with our Chief Medical Officer, Dr. Stephanie McClellan."}],"markDefs":[],"style":"normal"}]}],"layoutStyle":"inline","spacing":"pys"},{"_key":"561660c4382f","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"1b9f482186360","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"Why’d you decide to be a part of Tia?"}],"markDefs":[],"style":"h4"},{"_key":"34b740fece09","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"59b6057c3efa","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"Health care tech should be about identifying a problem and making a solution that helps real people! Tia opens up a new door at the intersection between technology and female health — the company is truly patient-centric."}],"markDefs":[],"style":"normal"},{"_key":"a8b2b2c45336","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"a8b2b2c453360","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"To empower women, you have to make it easy for her to take care of her body! The patient-doctor relationship is among the most sacred in the world because we surrender our modesty and trust our physicians with our most intimate needs and vulnerabilities. In return, Tia gives us science, expertise, respect, and compassion."}],"markDefs":[],"style":"normal"},{"_key":"17e1b25428b5","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"17e1b25428b50","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"Carolyn and Felicity’s goals reverberated with me and I wanted to be a part of their movement from day one. Even before Tia had a clinic I helped write “Tia Talks” where we broke down how stress can affect your sex drive and why the clitoris is a magical organ. They have always wanted to give women agency into their health care and I too believe that women should be given access to the information, community, and care they need to make confident decisions about their health and wellness."}],"markDefs":[],"style":"normal"},{"_key":"1a701d3002f0","_type":"editorialImageCarousel","items":[{"_key":"6289d5509888","_type":"editorialImageAndText","imageCaption":{"_type":"imageCaption","image":{"_type":"image","asset":{"_ref":"image-144a4240494778178d33ea024285283ef2e7d63c-1644x1096-png","_type":"reference"}}},"text":[{"_key":"9cf5fd9f843f","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"9cf5fd9f843f0","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"Obsessed with Ravensburger’s puzzles. Each puzzle piece shape is drawn by hand! It takes 4 weeks to build the cookie cutter used to cut out the pieces!"}],"markDefs":[],"style":"normal"}]}],"layoutStyle":"inline","spacing":"pys"},{"_key":"7b8cdb8a2c9f","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"7b8cdb8a2c9f0","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"As a scientist, how do you approach female health differently than a doctor?"}],"markDefs":[],"style":"h4"},{"_key":"75d5998124e4","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"1d0bc9911301","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"My PhD is in evolutionary biology and epigenetics, so I use these two processes to study how some of the health problems we face today arose. This approach will not solve all of our entrenched and deep-rooted health challenges, but it does offer a new, more holistic way of viewing individual and population health from both research and practice standpoints. I want to offer a broader and more inclusive approach to medicine and health, asking new questions about both the immediate and developmental causes and explanations of poor health. I view human health and development through a lens that assumes that humans are highly diverse with a biology that unfolds in a context rather than in predictable unvarying ways. Scientists recognize that for almost any human trait, there is a broad range within which wellness, growth, and development can thrive."}],"markDefs":[],"style":"normal"},{"_key":"ce2fd49a1082","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"ce2fd49a10820","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"Do you have a health goal you are working towards?"}],"markDefs":[],"style":"h4"},{"_key":"43ea4ba390a2","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"7c8861a86193","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"With a foundation in evolutionary and computational biology, my goal is to draw a dynamic hormonal portrait for every woman. Like each of us, it would be a multi-faceted and dynamic entity that ebbs and flows. Hormones are the building blocks of our cycles and transitions — like puberty, ovulation, periods, pregnancies, and menopause. Understanding our personalized hormonal milieu is a key to understanding our health! If we don’t know ourselves, how can we serve ourselves?"}],"markDefs":[],"style":"normal"},{"_key":"51e3d859504c","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"51e3d859504c0","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"What does being a “well-woman” mean to you?"}],"markDefs":[],"style":"h4"},{"_key":"a65998c892c0","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"ef364827b5e8","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"Arming myself with science-based advice!"}],"markDefs":[],"style":"normal"}],"image":{"_type":"image","asset":{"_ref":"image-0f673c0e83010c0d324e761c095645749e44b35b-2500x800-png","_type":"reference"}},"modules":[{"_key":"eaff18a1d3ce","_type":"furtherReading","articles":[{"_key":"1948239a3212","_ref":"e43a486c-c7d1-4ea2-b9ac-37ccdc5d2d07","_type":"reference"},{"_key":"069028346bbd","_ref":"0b5f1314-12ed-4726-9c2a-9fbe557ca784","_type":"reference"}],"title":"More reads"}],"publishedAt":"2020-07-02T04:00:00.000Z","slug":{"_type":"slug","current":"ava-mainieri"},"status":"production","title":"Meet the Head of Research at Tia, Dr. Ava Mainieri","topics":[{"_key":"6c369975e01d","_ref":"52909ed4-6c00-4b08-bfee-cee50984c63b","_type":"reference"}]},"metaInformation":{"_type":"metaCard","metaDescription":"Q&A with Ava Mainieri, Head of Research at Tia.","metaTitle":"Meet the Head of Research at Tia, Ava Mainieri","openGraphDescription":"Q&A with Ava Mainieri, Head of Research at Tia.","openImage":{"_type":"image","asset":{"_ref":"image-d4c1bca00d34c657d739299abcc8e609e42e250f-1366x800-png","_type":"reference"}},"title":"Meet the Head of Research at Tia, Ava Mainieri","twitterDescription":"Q&A with Ava Mainieri, Head of Research at Tia.","twitterImage":{"_type":"image","asset":{"_ref":"image-d4c1bca00d34c657d739299abcc8e609e42e250f-1366x800-png","_type":"reference"}},"twitterTitle":"Meet the Head of Research at Tia, Ava Mainieri"}},"id":"e5befb73-d256-538c-9b00-e1d739bc1d09","parent":null,"children":[],"internal":{"type":"SanityEditorial","contentDigest":"64164751ec87e62ea7209de2504c7b9d","counter":2908,"owner":"gatsby-source-sanity"}},{"_id":"b100e362-4b40-48ce-9d93-b08acd64841c","_type":"editorial","_createdAt":"2020-08-09T18:55:08Z","_rev":"8ycwaKn5PLURgEeFHA7avf","_updatedAt":"2022-12-28T10:30:34Z","content":{"_type":"articleTabs","main":{"_type":"articleContent","articleColor":"bcraspberry","articleType":{"_ref":"6ebe3848-7078-4bbf-890a-e4cee9852934","_type":"reference"},"authors":[{"_key":"d96ac70826e5","_ref":"620445e8-cfbd-40b4-9bd3-1742868efe78","_type":"reference"}],"cardImage":{"_type":"image","asset":{"_ref":"image-bb9b1c6cced2543da1f76913f5e9a07329adba8d-1366x800-png","_type":"reference"}},"editorialText":[{"_key":"526b73da21d7","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"526b73da21d70","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"Did you know you have an extensive microscopic collection living on your skin, inside your body, and in your cells? The majority of them are bacteria, some are tiny fungi microbes, and others are viruses that can infect microorganisms and cells. Every day your body is attacked by billions of microscopic invaders. "}],"markDefs":[],"style":"large"},{"_key":"6e397782cfb9","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"6e397782cfb90","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"The immune system, composed of a network of cells, tissues, and their products, is on a constant lookout for pathogens (microorganisms, bacteria, or viruses that can cause disease) that are trying to infiltrate your body. As a result, your body is swimming with different kinds of immune cells — some bear the memory of past infections in preparation for future encounters, some vigorously destroy foreign microbes, and others act as a patrol."}],"markDefs":[],"style":"normal"},{"_key":"0e085434460d","_type":"sectionHeader","title":"The Immune System"},{"_key":"1363d2d8549a","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"1363d2d8549a0","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"The immune system can be divided into two main groups: the innate immune system and the adaptive immune system."}],"markDefs":[],"style":"normal"},{"_key":"fd0719c806ce","_type":"editorialImageCarousel","items":[{"_key":"0f7757b71a68","_type":"editorialImageAndText","imageCaption":{"_type":"imageCaption","image":{"_type":"image","asset":{"_ref":"image-5d9131740d4df003b70090536bf5eb62d222269e-2103x792-png","_type":"reference"}}}}]},{"_key":"cb129f66abec","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"cb129f66abec0","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"If a foreign virus slips past the physical and chemical mechanisms (eg. the skin or mucus lining the inside the nose), it is met by the innate immune system. The innate immune system responds rapidly with inflammation and engages macrophages and neutrophils, white blood cells that devour, eat, and engulf foreign particles. They express receptors that can sense the presence of a foreign invader and sound a cytokine alarm to the rest of the body, like a loudspeaker announcing that an intruder has sneaked in. Innate immunity is activated in all kinds of injuries and illnesses, everything from a scrape on your leg to a splinter on your big toe."}],"markDefs":[],"style":"normal"},{"_key":"c82f399d546e","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"c82f399d546e0","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"Now and again, a microbe comes along that gets past the innate immune system. That is when the adaptive immune system, a true powerhouse, rallies to fight back. Only vertebrates (species with backbones like us) have adaptive immune systems, the third layer of defense that adapts to protect against foreign pathogens. Over 99% of organisms on Earth don’t have adaptive immune systems and get along fine with only natural barriers and the innate immune system for defense."}],"markDefs":[],"style":"normal"},{"_key":"072d5f18d7ad","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"072d5f18d7ad0","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"When you get a cold, flu, or the novel coronavirus, cells within your adaptive immune system rush out to identify the sickness. Your adaptive defenses come to the rescue by recruiting and activating a specialized team of while blood cells that are best equipped to fight the specific pathogen. For example, if you get infected with E. coli (the pesky bacteria that can cause food poisoning), white blood cells that recognize particular molecules on E. coli are activated. When the human immune system is given time to prepare, it can produce defenses that protect against foreign invaders."}],"markDefs":[],"style":"normal"},{"_key":"83ceab449cfd","_type":"sectionHeader","title":"On Antibodies"},{"_key":"471fcccb9790","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"471fcccb97900","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"The adaptive immune system is unique because it creates a special protein complex called an antibody (also referred to as immunoglobulin). Specialized white blood cells produce antibodies, which are uniquely designed to look for antigens, a specific structure found on a foreign virus or particle. Antibodies adhere to antigens, which then signal the immune system to destroy the foreign invader. Although antibodies are incredibly important to defend against pathogens, they do not kill anything! Their job is only to plant the kiss of death on the microbe — tagging it for destruction."}],"markDefs":[],"style":"normal"},{"_key":"649468365586","_type":"editorialImageCarousel","items":[{"_key":"3a996c978479","_type":"editorialImageAndText","imageCaption":{"_type":"imageCaption","image":{"_type":"image","asset":{"_ref":"image-dd28afb65b53bd31e980f7680df9e1adbe09c0f0-2103x929-png","_type":"reference"}}}}]},{"_key":"6d4112673897","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"6d41126738970","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"White blood cells created in bone marrow can mature and become antibody factories. It can take antibodies a couple of weeks to develop after being exposed to a virus. IgG has reliably shown up on antibody tests 3- 14 days after a Covid-19 infection."}],"markDefs":[],"style":"normal"},{"_key":"0be06c721645","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"0be06c7216450","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"Antibodies stick around for differing amounts of time depending on the illness, creating an immunological memory. This means you are reinfected, the adaptive immune system can bounce into action quickly. Scientists believe SARS antibodies stay in the body for 2 years and MERS antibodies are maintained for almost 3 years. Because Covid-19 is a novel virus, we do not know for sure how long these antibodies last. However, experts generally agree that, based on experience with other viruses, the presence of antibodies does confer some level of protection. In a recent study, researchers infected volunteers with a seasonal coronavirus and around a year later, infected them with the same or similar virus. All of the participants either experienced full or partial protection."}],"markDefs":[],"style":"normal"},{"_key":"b3f9ab293109","_type":"sectionHeader","title":"Antibody Tests"},{"_key":"9bb084c727bf","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"9bb084c727bf0","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"Antibody tests also called serology tests, take a sample of your blood to test if your immune system has produced any antibodies in response to an infection. These tests can tell you if you were previously infected but they cannot detect active infections or recovery."}],"markDefs":[],"style":"normal"},{"_key":"273ff965f558","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"273ff965f5580","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"The is currently a lot of concern about the accuracy of Covid-19 antibody tests. Accuracy is based on sensitivity and specificity, this is tricky because the tests have to be sensitive enough to detect the presence of IgG-specific antibodies and specific enough to avoid accidentally produce a positive result. "}],"markDefs":[],"style":"normal"},{"_key":"276a2873923c","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"276a2873923c0","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"Tia is now offering in partnership with Quest the Abbott antibody test, which is 99.1% accurate. "}],"markDefs":[],"style":"large"},{"_key":"3404b4440ee6","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"3404b4440ee60","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"As such, we stand by the quality of the test but because no antibody test can tell you if you are immune we recommend continuing to wear a mask and practicing social distancing even if you have developed antibodies."}],"markDefs":[],"style":"normal"},{"_key":"99b38b438ae8","_type":"sectionHeader","title":"Why Test?"},{"_key":"61cedbd48961","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"61cedbd489610","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"Widespread antibody testing will help give epidemiologists a clearer understanding of the scope of this disease. A study from random testing around 3,000 people in New York City recently postulated that as many as one in five residents, or about 2.7 million people, might have contracted the disease without knowing. Antibody testing research may also help identify groups who are more susceptible to infection, and why. It is small steps and bits of information that help scientists build a robust understanding and system to address disease, not much different than the information an antibody holds to respond to infection and protect."}],"markDefs":[],"style":"normal"},{"_key":"f506dd83cb65","_type":"cta","backgroundColor":"bcraspberry","text":[{"_key":"f131d27ba34e","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"f131d27ba34e0","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"Ready to get tested?"}],"markDefs":[],"style":"h2"},{"_key":"f37eecd52017","_type":"buttonBlock","items":[{"_key":"3589cb5a9453","_type":"singleButton","linkCta":"Book now","linkType":"button","url":"https://asktia.com/member/appointment/schedule"}]},{"_key":"a360a0733f50","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"a360a0733f500","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"Not a member? "},{"_key":"a360a0733f501","_type":"span","marks":["6ed656f98a97"],"text":"Join now."},{"_key":"a360a0733f502","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":""}],"markDefs":[{"_key":"6ed656f98a97","_type":"internalLink","linkType":"text","reference":{"_ref":"6b861435-f6fe-4c96-893c-77732c7ab389","_type":"reference"}}],"style":"normal"}]}],"image":{"_type":"image","asset":{"_ref":"image-2a6dd1727b92419197b5dc8273a24500b4cdf5a4-1400x472-png","_type":"reference"}},"modules":[{"_key":"90878c1c84a8","_type":"furtherReading","articles":[{"_key":"e7a52e7f28ad","_ref":"0b5f1314-12ed-4726-9c2a-9fbe557ca784","_type":"reference"},{"_key":"18f1a4b95890","_ref":"1ca555ff-e20e-4ea1-9a0c-7ee4e82ff646","_type":"reference"},{"_key":"79a84295e683","_ref":"8ab0fcfb-9277-4379-acdf-dfd7c91afb91","_type":"reference"}],"title":"More reads"}],"publishedAt":"2020-05-08T04:00:00.000Z","slug":{"_type":"slug","current":"what-s-the-deal-with-antibodies"},"status":"production","subTitle":"The macro and micro point of view.","title":"How do Covid-19 antibodies work?","topics":[{"_key":"606d4ac5dd9c","_ref":"f7cd4d35-238d-4aef-85e3-748808982d9b","_type":"reference"}]},"metaInformation":{"_type":"metaCard","metaDescription":"People talk about testing positive for COVID-19 antibodies—but what does that mean? 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Building a social contract with Tia."}],"markDefs":[],"style":"large"},{"_key":"6fe479be2c38","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"6fe479be2c380","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"Being social — togetherness — is what keeps us ticking, transforms the bitter moments in life to sweet ones, and, quite literally, gives us *pleasure*. Research shows that social ties reduce mortality risks among adults with documented medical conditions. Additionally, supportive interactions with others benefit the immune system and help to reduce allostatic load (the cumulative wear and tear on your body from stress — especially chronic stress)."}],"markDefs":[],"style":"normal"},{"_key":"a4fbd5add1dc","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"a4fbd5add1dc0","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"So, how in the world are we supposed to do this in the landscape of the coronavirus outbreak?"}],"markDefs":[],"style":"h4"},{"_key":"13405ba8c166","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"13405ba8c1660","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"If you’re confused about what to do right now, you’re not alone. It feels like there are different recommendations coming from everywhere and making sense of it, is no easy task. Ultimately, the choices in how *you* navigate through this bizarre time are up to you. These choices are likely dependent on a number of factors such as local context, work obligations, personal health, signature-stress type, etc. We’re here to offer a little more context to help you make more informed choices with confidence."}],"markDefs":[],"style":"normal"},{"_key":"bf40a011b81c","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"bf40a011b81c0","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"First things first, what is a social contract? It is an implicit agreement among the members of a society to cooperate for the social benefits of many, rather than few. Cooperation in this agreement may include sacrificing individual freedoms (not going on that hinge date, canceling wine club, or swapping your favorite yoga class for a run outside instead). Here we’ll break down how we’re thinking about the choices we’re making from an individual, local, and global perspective:\n\n"}],"markDefs":[],"style":"normal"},{"_key":"67637d4945af","_type":"editorialImageCarousel","items":[{"_key":"48f9ed2e95f9","_type":"editorialImageAndText","imageCaption":{"_type":"imageCaption","image":{"_type":"image","asset":{"_ref":"image-31cfec25082371da7aba4ca3c4426b97d309fb99-2103x195-png","_type":"reference"}}}}]},{"_key":"bde8d32c1f03","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"bde8d32c1f030","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"At Tia, we’ve shared recommendations on how to prepare for coronavirus:"}],"markDefs":[],"style":"normal"},{"_key":"d1f26547da7e","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"d1f26547da7e0","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":""},{"_key":"d1f26547da7e1","_type":"span","marks":["5aeea2ff1c74"],"text":"Washing hands"},{"_key":"d1f26547da7e2","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":" (obvi!)"}],"level":1,"listItem":"bullet","markDefs":[{"_key":"5aeea2ff1c74","_type":"externalLink","url":"https://www.instagram.com/p/B9j8LnEpJZG/"}],"style":"normal"},{"_key":"9459b6fdf013","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"9459b6fdf0130","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"Setting-up your "},{"_key":"9459b6fdf0131","_type":"span","marks":["9c95530d7427"],"text":"medicine cabinet"},{"_key":"9459b6fdf0132","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":""}],"level":1,"listItem":"bullet","markDefs":[{"_key":"9c95530d7427","_type":"annotation","text":[{"_key":"c7d542418228","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"c7d5424182281","_type":"span","marks":["0742c180e4e9"],"text":"Learn more"},{"_key":"c7d5424182282","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":" about what to include in your medicine cabinet in the Coronavirus climate."}],"markDefs":[{"_key":"0742c180e4e9","_type":"annotationLink","reference":{"_ref":"12f61670-b812-4d44-85bb-7865737b7a5a","_type":"reference"}}],"style":"normal"}]}],"style":"normal"},{"_key":"26c60024ce7e","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"26c60024ce7e0","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":""},{"_key":"26c60024ce7e1","_type":"span","marks":["23eef6b7547c"],"text":"Proactively preparing"},{"_key":"26c60024ce7e2","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":" you and your household for a number of scenarios that may play out."}],"level":1,"listItem":"bullet","markDefs":[{"_key":"23eef6b7547c","_type":"internalLink","linkType":"text","reference":{"_ref":"84a00f77-6ca4-4dc2-a225-9141889ad4cc","_type":"reference"}}],"style":"normal"},{"_key":"ba02046dd70f","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"ba02046dd70f0","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"We do not promote:"}],"markDefs":[],"style":"normal"},{"_key":"b069817c4463","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"b069817c44630","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"Stockpiling or hoarding supplies, especially masks which are critically needed for care providers working around the clock right now!"}],"level":1,"listItem":"bullet","markDefs":[],"style":"normal"},{"_key":"727c38242d14","_type":"editorialImageCarousel","items":[{"_key":"0df7908e1a4e","_type":"editorialImageAndText","imageCaption":{"_type":"imageCaption","image":{"_type":"image","asset":{"_ref":"image-3f91d3e1ec95e750d40675f5202a87660383e3a6-2103x195-png","_type":"reference"}}}}]},{"_key":"0b1bee5ad9e8","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"0b1bee5ad9e80","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"While young and healthy people are currently considered lower-risk for personally suffering severe illness from coronavirus, it is vital they dramatically alter their daily lives in order to lower risk from a greater local standpoint."}],"markDefs":[],"style":"normal"},{"_key":"9d63dfcbbf5b","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"9d63dfcbbf5b0","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"German scientists, some of the first to look at clinical data on this outbreak have concluded two pieces of information that can help us understand the impact of lessening our movement:"}],"markDefs":[],"style":"normal"},{"_key":"84852cc5667c","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"84852cc5667c0","_type":"span","marks":["strong"],"text":"1. Individuals are most infectious early in the disease."}],"markDefs":[],"style":"normal"},{"_key":"c39adb0ae204","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"c39adb0ae2040","_type":"span","marks":["strong"],"text":"2. Viral load (how much of the virus is present in an individual) does not necessarily correlate with the isolation of the virus. In layperson terms, you can be carrying and transmitting the virus *and* be completely symptom-free."}],"markDefs":[],"style":"normal"},{"_key":"5a2a54eadbbd","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"5a2a54eadbbd0","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"With restricted accessibility and availability to testing right now, one of the greatest measures we can take from a public health imperative is to engage in social distancing. This is because viruses spread easily in dense places (think: a packed subway car, a political rally, or a concert). Social distancing is a spectrum of measures that can be taken to increase the physical space between people in an effort to slow the spread of this virus."}],"markDefs":[],"style":"normal"},{"_key":"2369b328967b","_type":"editorialImageCarousel","items":[{"_key":"12d53cf0cf81","_type":"editorialImageAndText","imageCaption":{"_type":"imageCaption","image":{"_type":"image","asset":{"_ref":"image-b21456f58736739245c4fea78dab025596ab4117-2103x842-png","_type":"reference"}}}}],"spacing":"pys"},{"_key":"1bdc6235dede","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"1bdc6235dede0","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"But what about local businesses? What about people who are financially unable to purchase adequate provisions or work from home? What about considerations for public school closings and the children who only receive meals at school?"}],"markDefs":[],"style":"normal"},{"_key":"6e4202ee7324","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"6e4202ee73240","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"There aren’t easy answers. But if you have extra resources we encourage you to donate, check-in with loved ones, and members of your community who may be in need."}],"markDefs":[],"style":"normal"},{"_key":"1680cb8b6a27","_type":"editorialImageCarousel","items":[{"_key":"840cbbc22193","_type":"editorialImageAndText","imageCaption":{"_type":"imageCaption","image":{"_type":"image","asset":{"_ref":"image-815484b03ac66c237e154152daa81d310ebce817-2103x195-png","_type":"reference"}}}}]},{"_key":"a96a78e38025","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"a96a78e380250","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"As of now, the Department of State is advising U.S. citizens to reconsider all travel abroad. Many areas throughout the world are experiencing coronavirus outbreaks and taking actions that limit mobility (including everything from quarantines to border restrictions)."}],"markDefs":[],"style":"normal"},{"_key":"1a75bfbc9f5e","_type":"editorialImageCarousel","items":[{"_key":"bfce6b14c254","_type":"editorialImageAndText","imageCaption":{"_type":"imageCaption","image":{"_type":"image","asset":{"_ref":"image-0573a6638628b9ddd5fc8ff947443d67643c1cee-2103x1042-png","_type":"reference"}}}}]},{"_key":"752626dacb99","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"752626dacb990","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"Global travel is only one aspect of this perspective. Unfortunately, we are able to see examples of healthcare systems that are completely overburdened by this virus. Our actions on an individual and local level must be considered as an ethical imperative for not only our own communities but also at a global level. It is our responsibility to work to ensure that our healthcare system does not grow overburdened. It is through small everyday choices that we can make an impact on the health and safety for all."}],"markDefs":[],"style":"normal"},{"_key":"2df8b636802d","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"2df8b636802d0","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"At Tia, we recommend taking some time to build out a social contract that works *you*. It might look something like this…"}],"markDefs":[],"style":"normal"},{"_key":"7bc8f6e8da95","_type":"editorialImageCarousel","items":[{"_key":"f884bea22897","_type":"editorialImageAndText","imageCaption":{"_type":"imageCaption","image":{"_type":"image","asset":{"_ref":"image-02f3afc24fc49538a9624cc1a66146f2a98044e8-2103x656-png","_type":"reference"}}}}]},{"_key":"80a0a844609c","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"80a0a844609c0","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"Join us in making a social contract — for the betterment of you, your local community, and the world."}],"markDefs":[],"style":"normal"}],"image":{"_type":"image","asset":{"_ref":"image-0004b32a5e04b31382fa81488f3bbfd23ce70783-2500x866-png","_type":"reference"}},"modules":[{"_key":"d780561a00b6","_type":"furtherReading","articles":[{"_key":"fbc8aa0e2d30","_ref":"12f61670-b812-4d44-85bb-7865737b7a5a","_type":"reference"},{"_key":"9e26632391b4","_ref":"84a00f77-6ca4-4dc2-a225-9141889ad4cc","_type":"reference"},{"_key":"168fbebe73c8","_ref":"b100e362-4b40-48ce-9d93-b08acd64841c","_type":"reference"}],"title":"More reads"}],"publishedAt":"2020-03-13T04:00:00.000Z","slug":{"_type":"slug","current":"coronavirus-building-a-social-contract"},"status":"production","title":"Building a Social Contract during Covid-19","topics":[{"_key":"4d73259c2837","_ref":"f7cd4d35-238d-4aef-85e3-748808982d9b","_type":"reference"}]},"metaInformation":{"_type":"metaCard","metaDescription":"Learn how to build a social contract in the coronavirus climate.","metaTitle":"Building a Social Contract during Covid-19","openGraphDescription":"Learn how to build a social contract in the coronavirus climate.","openImage":{"_type":"image","asset":{"_ref":"image-a7ac813ec7088ae60203cd6c4f7836f1b7e605a5-5000x1600-png","_type":"reference"},"crop":{"_type":"sanity.imageCrop","bottom":0,"left":0.679354094579008,"right":0,"top":0},"hotspot":{"_type":"sanity.imageHotspot","height":1,"width":0.32064590542099203,"x":0.839677047289504,"y":0.5}},"title":"Building a Social Contract during Covid-19","twitterDescription":"Learn how to build a social contract in the coronavirus climate.","twitterImage":{"_type":"image","asset":{"_ref":"image-a7ac813ec7088ae60203cd6c4f7836f1b7e605a5-5000x1600-png","_type":"reference"},"crop":{"_type":"sanity.imageCrop","bottom":0,"left":0.6585928489042683,"right":0,"top":0},"hotspot":{"_type":"sanity.imageHotspot","height":1,"width":0.3414071510957317,"x":0.8292964244521341,"y":0.5}},"twitterTitle":"Building a Social Contract during Covid-19"}},"id":"7580c2cb-cec3-5cfb-be1e-53d80db23a27","parent":null,"children":[],"internal":{"type":"SanityEditorial","contentDigest":"917cc0221d4bd987ae7ef489706c4457","counter":210,"owner":"gatsby-source-sanity"}}],"title":"READ MORE IN OUR BLOG, THE TIA TAKE"}],"position":"Senior Director of Research, She/her","slug":{"_type":"slug","current":"ava-mainieri"},"team":"brand","text":[{"_key":"b376507f3d6e","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"b376507f3d6e0","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"Dr. Ava Mainieri is a geneticist and evolutionary biologist with deep expertise in epigenetics and female reproductive health. 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My poor parents had to deal with a fruit fly infestation for an entire month! After graduating from Cornell University in 2012, I worked at Memorial Sloan Kettering under Dr. Jennifer Zallen for two years in her molecular biology lab. There, I co-authored two papers focused on how cancer cells move throughout the body. In August of 2014, I joined Dr. David Haig’s lab at Harvard University and just completed my PhD. 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Starring my dog Zeta. Her favorite foods are lettuce, carrots, and bugs from the garden."}],"markDefs":[],"style":"normal"}]}],"layoutStyle":"inline","spacing":"pys"},{"_key":"89e5383c936f","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"89e5383c936f0","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"What do you find most challenging/confusing about navigating healthcare?"}],"markDefs":[],"style":"h4"},{"_key":"13ca81dd9c78","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"8da5a7b6c647","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"Throughout my Ph.D. I was surprised to find that, apart from reproductive health concerns, medicine does not pay a lot of attention to females specifically. Instead, there is a one-size-fits all approach to clinical research. Women are more likely to be diagnosed with an autoimmune disorder and are at least twice as likely to have chronic pain conditions. The immune system is also thought to be behind sex-specific responses to vaccines: females develop higher antibody responses and have more frequent reactions to vaccines. There was even a 2014 paper proposing developing male and female versions of flu vaccines. And despite an abundance of evidence showing that research conducted on males cannot be extrapolated to females (and that there are plentiful differences between them in everything from drug responses to risk factors for various diseases) many clinicians still don’t routinely analyze and report such differences. There are vast medical data gaps to be filled in, but the past 20 years have demonstrably shown that women are not just smaller men. So why aren’t we actively researching this? At Tia, I believe that we finally are!"}],"markDefs":[],"style":"normal"},{"_key":"80f64de332bb","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"80f64de332bb0","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"What is something you’ve learned about health and/or the healthcare system that you want to share with others?"}],"markDefs":[],"style":"h4"},{"_key":"e83d53984a3f","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"844bea21b3db","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"A common metaphor in medicine is that the body is a machine designed for certain functions and that when things go awry, they can be treated in the same way a mechanic might fix a car: tighten some screws, add some oil, and adjust the tire pressure. The human body, however, is a fascinating bundle of compromises shaped by natural selection. This leaves us vulnerable to diseases and disorder, but also makes us amazingly resilient. Our bodies can cope with migrations and major environmental challenges, adapting physically and emotionally! 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Some of the questions I’ve been asked led me to do a project on esters (take an acid and an alcohol, shake it up, and the end project is something stinky) or set up a camera so I could watch a tiny fruit fly walk across a table. 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Tia opens up a new door at the intersection between technology and female health — the company is truly patient-centric."}],"markDefs":[],"style":"normal"},{"_key":"a8b2b2c45336","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"a8b2b2c453360","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"To empower women, you have to make it easy for her to take care of her body! The patient-doctor relationship is among the most sacred in the world because we surrender our modesty and trust our physicians with our most intimate needs and vulnerabilities. In return, Tia gives us science, expertise, respect, and compassion."}],"markDefs":[],"style":"normal"},{"_key":"17e1b25428b5","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"17e1b25428b50","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"Carolyn and Felicity’s goals reverberated with me and I wanted to be a part of their movement from day one. Even before Tia had a clinic I helped write “Tia Talks” where we broke down how stress can affect your sex drive and why the clitoris is a magical organ. 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Each puzzle piece shape is drawn by hand! It takes 4 weeks to build the cookie cutter used to cut out the pieces!"}],"markDefs":[],"style":"normal"}]}],"layoutStyle":"inline","spacing":"pys"},{"_key":"7b8cdb8a2c9f","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"7b8cdb8a2c9f0","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"As a scientist, how do you approach female health differently than a doctor?"}],"markDefs":[],"style":"h4"},{"_key":"75d5998124e4","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"1d0bc9911301","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"My PhD is in evolutionary biology and epigenetics, so I use these two processes to study how some of the health problems we face today arose. This approach will not solve all of our entrenched and deep-rooted health challenges, but it does offer a new, more holistic way of viewing individual and population health from both research and practice standpoints. I want to offer a broader and more inclusive approach to medicine and health, asking new questions about both the immediate and developmental causes and explanations of poor health. I view human health and development through a lens that assumes that humans are highly diverse with a biology that unfolds in a context rather than in predictable unvarying ways. Scientists recognize that for almost any human trait, there is a broad range within which wellness, growth, and development can thrive."}],"markDefs":[],"style":"normal"},{"_key":"ce2fd49a1082","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"ce2fd49a10820","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"Do you have a health goal you are working towards?"}],"markDefs":[],"style":"h4"},{"_key":"43ea4ba390a2","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"7c8861a86193","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"With a foundation in evolutionary and computational biology, my goal is to draw a dynamic hormonal portrait for every woman. Like each of us, it would be a multi-faceted and dynamic entity that ebbs and flows. Hormones are the building blocks of our cycles and transitions — like puberty, ovulation, periods, pregnancies, and menopause. Understanding our personalized hormonal milieu is a key to understanding our health! If we don’t know ourselves, how can we serve ourselves?"}],"markDefs":[],"style":"normal"},{"_key":"51e3d859504c","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"51e3d859504c0","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"What does being a “well-woman” mean to you?"}],"markDefs":[],"style":"h4"},{"_key":"a65998c892c0","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"ef364827b5e8","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"Arming myself with science-based 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week we hosted our very first Tia Tackles event — "},{"_key":"a6a756b987cd1","_type":"span","marks":["462761f45d02"],"text":"Dr. Terri-Ann Bennett"},{"_key":"a6a756b987cd2","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":" shared her wisdom and expertise in conversation with Dr. Stephanie McClellan, Chief Medical Officer of Tia. They spoke about the need for patient advocacy for BIPOC, what patient advocates do, and how to weave them through the clinical experience from institutional change to providers to the layperson. Here is some of what we learned."}],"markDefs":[{"_key":"462761f45d02","_type":"externalLink","url":"https://www.instagram.com/drbennettmfm/?hl=en"}],"style":"large"},{"_key":"5cc2d857b25a","_type":"sectionHeader","title":"The basics"},{"_key":"18872cfaaa12","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"18872cfaaa120","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"The American healthcare system has a long legacy of racism and discrimination, fuel for the disparity that is pervasive in this system. Navigating the healthcare system is daunting for most, but especially for BIPOC. Due to an array of access barriers, BIPOC not only receive less care than white people but also receive worse care. BIPOC are disproportionately misdiagnosed, under-diagnosed, and mistreated, quality of care directly correlates to worse health outcomes."}],"markDefs":[],"style":"normal"},{"_key":"69c3a1a3bba9","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"69c3a1a3bba90","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"Emotional expressions and experience of pain by Black individuals are more likely to be misperceived. Pain is under-diagnosed and under-treated as a result of racial bias. Stereotyping is ever-present in clinical situations, leading certain populations to emphasize specific class and cultural resources such as cultural health capital (cultural skills, attitudes, behaviors, and interaction styles) to leverage and mitigate discrimination."}],"markDefs":[],"style":"normal"},{"_key":"f7a587f59750","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"f7a587f597500","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"Epigenetics, the study of inherited genetic trait changes, is a quickly evolving field showing that trauma and its effects may be passed through generations, recognizable through gene expression and cellular activity that is influenced by external factors such as environment. Inherited trauma may be likened to the permanence of scar, the remnants of the initial wound become a scar inscribed into a person that then passes on through their lineage. Generational trauma can impact livelihood via both the mind and body."}],"markDefs":[],"style":"normal"},{"_key":"486e325a5684","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"486e325a56840","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"There are social determinants of health that directly impact BIPOC — economic and social conditions, such as living and working conditions (think: the distribution of income, wealth, influence, and power) that influence individual and group differences in health status (think: risk and vulnerability of disease or injury) and access to care."}],"markDefs":[],"style":"normal"},{"_key":"5bc6416a244f","_type":"sectionHeader","title":"How can we create a built-in system for patient advocacy?"},{"_key":"8396cabbd87c","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"8396cabbd87c0","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"Trust facilitates care-seeking behavior and promotes patient honesty and adherence. Distrust inhibits care-seeking and may lead to non-adherence. One study in Chicago looked at how trustworthy Black people found their physicians. The study found that participants indicated that trust is determined by the interpersonal and technical competence of physicians. Contributing factors to distrust in physicians included a lack of interpersonal and technical competence, perceived quest for profit, and expectations of racism and experimentation during routine health care. Another study looking at race in patient-physician relationships found that the quality of interpersonal care is vital in facilitating a patient’s involvement in their care, increased patient involvement improves patient satisfaction and outcomes."}],"markDefs":[],"style":"normal"},{"_key":"96b7f39ad00d","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"96b7f39ad00d0","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"One way to effectively create institutional change is to promote diversity within the healthcare system. Data suggests that African American patients rate their visits with physicians as less participatory than whites. However, patients seeing physicians of their own race rate their physicians’ decision-making styles as more participatory. Improving cross-cultural communication between physicians and patients and providing patients with access to a diverse group of physicians may lead to more patient involvement in care, higher levels of patient satisfaction, and ultimately, better health outcomes. A study conducted by Stanford looked at Black men in Oakland, found that men seen by Black physicians were more likely to engage with them, and even consent to preventive services like cardiovascular screenings and immunizations. Black doctors were 71% more likely to get their patients to receive a cholesterol screening, whereas non-Black doctors were 45% as likely. The study estimates this approach could reduce the Black-white mortality gap due to heart disease by 19%."}],"markDefs":[],"style":"normal"},{"_key":"43ac32ba5304","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"43ac32ba53040","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"Dr. Terri-Ann Bennett believes that providers should be trained early on in their schooling to understand not only bias but also the actual biological differences that result from inherited trauma. Beyond this training, she recommends that providers continually check their bias while working with patients and actively seek to understand why their patients have fears or misunderstandings. Understanding why gives way to an empathetic response, leading with empathy engenders advocacy. Dr. Bennett suggests implicit bias training but also asks that providers take it a step further by enhancing their cultural competency and actively work to have an anti-racist practice."}],"markDefs":[],"style":"normal"},{"_key":"01939b3fe286","_type":"sectionHeader","title":"In conclusion"},{"_key":"a0520b6fd005","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"a0520b6fd0050","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"Research shows that patient advocacy is effective. One study looking at a sample of 30–74-year-old self-identified African-American and/or Black women who had received abnormal mammogram results found advocacy to be a positive factor in their medical experiences. The participants felt that engaging in medical advocacy helped address ongoing experiences of mistrust and racism in the medical setting. Participants also expressed that they felt accountable for their own bodies because they were involved in decisions about their care because they were informed about their decisions."}],"markDefs":[],"style":"normal"},{"_key":"3cb35a11f00c","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"3cb35a11f00c0","_type":"span","marks":["strong"],"text":"Institutions can support patient advocacy by…"}],"markDefs":[],"style":"normal"},{"_key":"840e64a59bcc","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"840e64a59bcc0","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"Promoting body literacy by actively teaching and making information readily accessible which empowers patients to advocate for themselves."}],"level":1,"listItem":"bullet","markDefs":[],"style":"normal"},{"_key":"276008b74a88","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"276008b74a880","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"Personalizing medicine, rather than generalizing."}],"level":1,"listItem":"bullet","markDefs":[],"style":"normal"},{"_key":"6607820d9ff9","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"6607820d9ff90","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"Revolutionizing healthcare delivery by incorporating patient advocates throughout the patient journey and actively supporting their presence (eg. doulas, friends and family members joining appointments)."}],"level":1,"listItem":"bullet","markDefs":[],"style":"normal"},{"_key":"c9591238e643","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"c9591238e6430","_type":"span","marks":["strong"],"text":"Providers can advocate for their patients by…"}],"markDefs":[],"style":"normal"},{"_key":"9be527d2e42e","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"9be527d2e42e0","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"Empowering them through teaching and shared-decision making."}],"level":1,"listItem":"bullet","markDefs":[],"style":"normal"},{"_key":"2f294d0b9ebb","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"2f294d0b9ebb0","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"Reminding patients of their rights."}],"level":1,"listItem":"bullet","markDefs":[],"style":"normal"},{"_key":"e788333914af","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"e788333914af0","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"Using communication styles that support understanding."}],"level":1,"listItem":"bullet","markDefs":[],"style":"normal"},{"_key":"28ebefbaaff8","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"28ebefbaaff80","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"Ensuring care continues after appointments (eg. follow-ups, lifestyle changes, medication, etc.)."}],"level":1,"listItem":"bullet","markDefs":[],"style":"normal"},{"_key":"0e9da3e98991","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"0e9da3e989910","_type":"span","marks":["strong"],"text":"Patients can advocate for themselves by…"}],"markDefs":[],"style":"normal"},{"_key":"58a2e5a98858","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"58a2e5a988580","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"Bringing someone with them (eg. friend or family member) for support. Note: hospital systems and third party agencies are often able to provide advocates to patients."}],"level":1,"listItem":"bullet","markDefs":[],"style":"normal"},{"_key":"14785252d485","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"14785252d4850","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"Not ending an appointment until they feel they understand their provider fully."}],"level":1,"listItem":"bullet","markDefs":[],"style":"normal"},{"_key":"b9df7bfd8f51","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"b9df7bfd8f510","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"Researching before and after visits."}],"level":1,"listItem":"bullet","markDefs":[],"style":"normal"},{"_key":"8802015a591b","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"8802015a591b0","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"Ask all the questions! Ask why and why again! Ask about side-effects, advantages, and disadvantages of recommendations made by the provider. Pro-tip from Dr. Bennett: come to your appointment with your questions written down."}],"level":1,"listItem":"bullet","markDefs":[],"style":"normal"},{"_key":"05df59e789b8","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"05df59e789b80","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"Familiarizing themselves with the "},{"_key":"05df59e789b81","_type":"span","marks":["419d8e2d4349"],"text":"patient bill of rights"},{"_key":"05df59e789b82","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"."}],"level":1,"listItem":"bullet","markDefs":[{"_key":"419d8e2d4349","_type":"annotation","text":[{"_key":"79c725936df8","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"79c725936df80","_type":"span","marks":["strong"],"text":"Patient's bill of rights"}],"markDefs":[],"style":"normal"},{"_key":"eb98ed994f21","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"eb98ed994f210","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"A patient’s bill of rights is a list of guarantees on patient information, fair treatment, and autonomy over medical decisions for those receiving care. It is usually found in the paperwork you sign upon arrival!"}],"markDefs":[],"style":"normal"}]}],"style":"normal"},{"_key":"de181be6ed14","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"de181be6ed140","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"Asking for an interpreter if needed."}],"level":1,"listItem":"bullet","markDefs":[],"style":"normal"},{"_key":"76c11b01b163","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"76c11b01b1630","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"\nSOURCES"}],"markDefs":[],"style":"h5"},{"_key":"0db611282b75","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"72eb6ee3b643","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"Cooper-Patrick, L., Gallo, J. J., Gonzales, J. J., Vu, H. T., Powe, N. R., Nelson, C., & Ford, D. E. (1999). Race, gender, and partnership in the patient-physician relationship. "},{"_key":"8724797ed80c","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"JAMA"},{"_key":"f32faae9ce4f","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":", "},{"_key":"7f1b0e2df26f","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"282"},{"_key":"3eb6bea0bcbe","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"(6), 583–589. "},{"_key":"315f163fe6c8","_type":"span","marks":["52ae7d4e6f1b"],"text":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.282.6.583"}],"markDefs":[{"_key":"52ae7d4e6f1b","_type":"externalLink","linkType":"text","url":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.282.6.583"}],"style":"small"},{"_key":"fce7197a986b","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"fce7197a986b0","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"Jacobs, E. A., Rolle, I., Ferrans, C. E., Whitaker, E. E., & Warnecke, R. B. (2006). Understanding African Americans’ views of the trustworthiness of physicians. Journal of general internal medicine, 21(6), 642–647. "},{"_key":"84ef5e0054c8","_type":"span","marks":["e6a6ed7bf493"],"text":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1497.2006.00485"},{"_key":"0a7b2dd4db7d","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"​ "}],"markDefs":[{"_key":"e6a6ed7bf493","_type":"externalLink","linkType":"text","url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1525-1497.2006.00485.x"}],"style":"small"},{"_key":"98575ad7c337","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"98575ad7c3370","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"Marcella Alsan & Owen Garrick & Grant Graziani, 2019. Does Diversity Matter for Health? Experimental Evidence from Oakland. American Economic Review, vol 109(12), pages 4071–4111. "},{"_key":"42ec4000ec71","_type":"span","marks":["a1cfb3ced60b"],"text":"https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20181446"},{"_key":"6069a899806c","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":""}],"markDefs":[{"_key":"a1cfb3ced60b","_type":"externalLink","linkType":"text","url":"https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20181446"}],"style":"small"},{"_key":"6019ebaa2bfd","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"6019ebaa2bfd0","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"Mende-Siedlecki, P., Qu-Lee, J., Backer, R., & Van Bavel, J. J. (2019). Perceptual contributions to racial bias in pain recognition. "},{"_key":"6019ebaa2bfd1","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"Journal of experimental psychology. General"},{"_key":"6019ebaa2bfd2","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":", "},{"_key":"6019ebaa2bfd3","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"148"},{"_key":"6019ebaa2bfd4","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"(5), 863–889. 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And that Tia’s mission and foremost innovation is building a relationship-based care model at a time when “relationships” in healthcare are evermore rare."}],"markDefs":[],"style":"large"},{"_key":"065627a2bee0","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"065627a2bee00","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"Eight weeks since opening our first brick-and-mortar Tia Clinic, we’ve proven that women really, "},{"_key":"065627a2bee01","_type":"span","marks":["em"],"text":"really"},{"_key":"065627a2bee02","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":" want a differentiated relationship with the healthcare system, and that they are excited about Tia’s potential to deliver it to them. Despite the influx in demand and pressure to rapidly grow to service more members, we recently made the call to deliberately slow down before scaling up. We continue to believe that changing women’s healthcare is a marathon, and not a sprint, and that unchecked “hockey stick growth” cannot be applied to clinical care delivery when real human lives are at play. Instead, we are taking the approach that growth must be deliberate, thoughtful, and obsessively monitored to ensure care quality is never — not even for a second — sacrificed because of startup “growing pains.”"}],"markDefs":[],"style":"normal"},{"_key":"77d4ce896f7f","_type":"sectionHeader","title":"Clarifying the role of technology"},{"_key":"07a3803de386","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"07a3803de3860","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"In this explosive era of direct to consumer healthcare companies, we are repeatedly asked — "},{"_key":"07a3803de3861","_type":"span","marks":["em"],"text":"what is Tia?"},{"_key":"07a3803de3862","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":" — a technology company, a direct to consumer brand, or a healthcare services business? To this, we say we are not one, but all three — or more accurately, a relationship company above all else."}],"markDefs":[],"style":"normal"},{"_key":"adb43c883ca6","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"adb43c883ca60","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"More tactically, our approach rests on amplifying best-in-class clinical care with innovations in technology and experience design to strengthen — not replace — the canonical patient <> provider relationship. More than an Instagrammable waiting room, or “tech for tech’s sake”, we are laser-focused on interweaving technology and design into the patient and provider experience — not as a “wrapper around,” but in service of clinical care."}],"markDefs":[],"style":"normal"},{"_key":"f21dd6fa9620","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"f21dd6fa96200","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"In the words of our users, there’s an intangible, emotional quality that results from the interwoven-ness of technology, brand and "},{"_key":"f21dd6fa96201","_type":"span","marks":["em"],"text":"amazing"},{"_key":"f21dd6fa96202","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":" clinicians all-in-one:"}],"markDefs":[],"style":"normal"},{"_key":"8715a2b4ffa8","_type":"editorialImageCarousel","items":[{"_key":"5b15ac30b18b","_type":"editorialImageAndText","imageCaption":{"_type":"imageCaption","image":{"_type":"image","asset":{"_ref":"image-8342e73a37f0f415f7e3f9d0eafa2c8c563b9a82-1644x1096-png","_type":"reference"}}},"text":[{"_key":"3f73ba6b8003","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"3f73ba6b80030","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"Tia patient reviews"}],"markDefs":[],"style":"normal"}]}]},{"_key":"44ba4663cf57","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"44ba4663cf570","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"In short, Tia’s model is about a sum greater than its individual parts. Remove the tech, remove the brand, or remove the care, and the whole thing disintegrates."}],"markDefs":[],"style":"normal"},{"_key":"82c702a83a9e","_type":"sectionHeader","title":"The necessity for innovation in women’s health"},{"_key":"ad5ebfbb5e05","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"ad5ebfbb5e050","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"While we believe that every woman "},{"_key":"ad5ebfbb5e051","_type":"span","marks":["em"],"text":"should"},{"_key":"ad5ebfbb5e052","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":" have a deep, loved and trusted 1:1 relationship with her provider, delivering this at scale and at an affordable price-point within the confines of the existing healthcare system is rife with challenges. Specifically, the dominant fee-for-service reimbursement models, women’s health provider shortages, and rapidly changing consumer demands make the historic 1:1 relationship with a provider a utopian concept of the past — increasingly limited to very expensive concierge medicine practices inaccessible to the mass market."}],"markDefs":[],"style":"normal"},{"_key":"ddbad4dac273","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"ddbad4dac2730","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"While we know Tia is not "},{"_key":"ddbad4dac2731","_type":"span","marks":["em"],"text":"yet"},{"_key":"ddbad4dac2732","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":" a universally-accessible solution that works for every woman with "},{"_key":"ddbad4dac2733","_type":"span","marks":["em"],"text":"any"},{"_key":"ddbad4dac2734","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":" health need across the socioeconomic spectrum, we are committed to building a best-in-class relationship-based care model where women don’t have to “choose” between the trifecta of care quality, convenience and insurance coverage. Instead at the Tia Clinic, women can get evidence-based integrative care in a non “speed dating” environment — for the price of what you pay for Netflix or Spotify each month. To deliver on this promise involves shifting the historic bi-directional patient <> provider relationship to a triangular one, with Tia as the bridge or liaison between a patient and her provider(s):"}],"markDefs":[],"style":"normal"},{"_key":"41cbaa51efcc","_type":"editorialImageCarousel","items":[{"_key":"1040cc0c11be","_type":"editorialImageAndText","imageCaption":{"_type":"imageCaption","image":{"_type":"image","asset":{"_ref":"image-760c08c810d0f9be6570bfaf4adc76e714f4b30f-1644x1096-png","_type":"reference"}}}}]},{"_key":"aa9f939d7d63","_type":"sectionHeader","title":"Productizing this new care model"},{"_key":"fd462818416a","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"fd462818416a0","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"While Tia started out as the go-to “wing-woman” for women seeking health information before and after the doctor’s office, the move into real-world care delivery requires that Tia become the “wing-woman” for providers, too. In the words of Tia’s Chief Medical Officer, Dr. Stephanie McClellan:"}],"markDefs":[],"style":"normal"},{"_key":"724fca95e507","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"724fca95e5070","_type":"span","marks":["em"],"text":"“Tia must become both healthcare translator, care navigator and research-obsessed thinker. For patients, Tia should act as ‘your best friend in medical school’ who explains things to you without dumbing things down. And for providers, Tia needs to be their ‘full-time research assistant,’ providing data-driven, evidence-based recommendations that at times, may be non-obvious, but clinically important. To create a meaningful patient <> provider relationship in the context of the pressures intrinsic to the modern medical system, Tia can’t just play one of these roles, Tia needs to excel at all of them.”"}],"markDefs":[],"style":"normal"},{"_key":"d77cf9d01341","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"d77cf9d013410","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"From a product perspective, this means building tools that:"}],"markDefs":[],"style":"normal"},{"_key":"1c6321fb73eb","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"1c6321fb73eb0","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"#1: Give the patient more control and agency over her healthcare:"}],"markDefs":[],"style":"h4"},{"_key":"39100e07fa7c","_type":"editorialImageCarousel","items":[{"_key":"53e2f33aa735","_type":"editorialImageAndText","imageCaption":{"_type":"imageCaption","image":{"_type":"image","asset":{"_ref":"image-ad82fd76266e211f5c05fc94d48c93fd588012be-1644x1096-png","_type":"reference"}}},"text":[{"_key":"151a67289f84","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"151a67289f840","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"Tia patients control their own health record & can share their cycle, health & wellness data with their Care Team to personalize their experience."}],"markDefs":[],"style":"normal"}]}]},{"_key":"8a3226505eb5","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"8a3226505eb50","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"#2: Equip providers to spend more time interfacing with patients (and less time interfacing with the EHR)"}],"markDefs":[],"style":"h4"},{"_key":"c0e125353b94","_type":"editorialImageCarousel","items":[{"_key":"ec08df1b6f07","_type":"editorialImageAndText","imageCaption":{"_type":"imageCaption","image":{"_type":"image","asset":{"_ref":"image-54f6353aa3bb9ff89dc1bfc1c1dddb311b8dca5d-1644x1096-png","_type":"reference"}}},"text":[{"_key":"217b7f58f542","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"217b7f58f5420","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"TiaMD (Tia’s “doctor facing” iPad app) flags relevant health data to providers ahead of a patient visit. During Tia appointments, this information is visualized on a “third screen” for the patient & provider to view in tandem."}],"markDefs":[],"style":"normal"}]}]},{"_key":"96e182439508","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"96e1824395080","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"#3: Facilitate transparency and collaborative care"}],"markDefs":[],"style":"h4"},{"_key":"3c3722037bfe","_type":"editorialImageCarousel","items":[{"_key":"b7c5dd8fe8e2","_type":"editorialImageAndText","imageCaption":{"_type":"imageCaption","image":{"_type":"image","asset":{"_ref":"image-bfd9610c83e23525e5390724a7c105312170acba-1644x1096-png","_type":"reference"}}},"text":[{"_key":"5b806cb6d384","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"5b806cb6d3840","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"During Tia appointments, patients & providers build a collaborative care plan personalized to the patient’s goal."}],"markDefs":[],"style":"normal"}]}]},{"_key":"7e3b82183a27","_type":"sectionHeader","title":"Why people + tech > tech alone"},{"_key":"d736bca4ad48","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"d736bca4ad480","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"Patient reviews like these reinforce our belief that the reimagined patient <> provider relationship of the future is at the nexus of technology, design and clinical care."}],"markDefs":[],"style":"normal"},{"_key":"0c7ca848e3eb","_type":"editorialImageCarousel","items":[{"_key":"b2696cd27b00","_type":"editorialImageAndText","imageCaption":{"_type":"imageCaption","image":{"_type":"image","asset":{"_ref":"image-8c0541e54f41ddb78b02eb522111ef604329c688-1644x1096-png","_type":"reference"}}}}]},{"_key":"768e7a58d64a","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"768e7a58d64a0","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"But, we’ve also learned that we need to make further investments in the underlying service model to support this new paradigm — particularly outside of Tia exam room walls. We know that technology alone can’t cut it as an effective bridge between the patient and provider. Instead, successful solutions involve both people "},{"_key":"768e7a58d64a1","_type":"span","marks":["em"],"text":"and"},{"_key":"768e7a58d64a2","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":" technology paired together."}],"markDefs":[],"style":"normal"},{"_key":"4fdd1a3660da","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"4fdd1a3660da0","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"As a patient-first company who believes that transparency is the foundation of trust, here are the chief points of feedback we’ve heard from our members the past eight weeks, and the ways we are working to address these wants and needs before releasing new memberships:"}],"markDefs":[],"style":"normal"},{"_key":"de86683b3fd8","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"de86683b3fd80","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"#1: “I want more appointment times that work with my schedule!”"}],"markDefs":[],"style":"h4"},{"_key":"1f1fd38225f1","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"1f1fd38225f10","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"While non-traditional doctor’s office hours optimized for the working woman have always been part of our care promise, we opened with limited availability for early morning, evening and weekend gynecology appointments, which booked up far more quickly than we anticipated."}],"markDefs":[],"style":"normal"},{"_key":"ad57109fffd2","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"ad57109fffd20","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"To address the demand for these hours, and the higher-than-expected utilization we’ve seen amongst our patient population, we have hired two additional women’s health nurse practitioners to our Care Team to support an expanded schedule. 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We’re doing exactly that with regular drops of THE DOSE, your science-backed guide to all things Covid-19 vaccines."}],"markDefs":[],"style":"normal"},{"_key":"33720154e95a","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"2be8cca6706b","_type":"span","marks":["em"],"text":"THE DOSE is brought to you by geneticist and evolutionary biologist, "},{"_key":"4f4af212a3d9","_type":"span","marks":["em","d1d7e2448576"],"text":"Dr. Ava Mainieri, Head of Research at Tia"},{"_key":"114954eac8c4","_type":"span","marks":["em"],"text":"."}],"markDefs":[{"_key":"d1d7e2448576","_type":"internalLink","linkType":"text","reference":{"_ref":"620445e8-cfbd-40b4-9bd3-1742868efe78","_type":"reference"}}],"style":"normal"},{"_key":"8937ef1d81ab","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"dded23e65a35","_type":"span","marks":["strong"],"text":"So, why do I need 2 doses?"}],"markDefs":[],"style":"h3"},{"_key":"3a02045c3add","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"5b03fca155ae","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"Getting 2 doses of the vaccine gives your immune system more opportunities to figure out exactly how to fight future infection. This means..."}],"markDefs":[],"style":"normal"},{"_key":"99a63611080e","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"e59f93be4e82","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"more antibodies"}],"level":1,"listItem":"bullet","markDefs":[],"style":"normal"},{"_key":"a7d10e88c9ef","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"6a169d554afc","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"a robust supply of memory cells"}],"level":1,"listItem":"bullet","markDefs":[],"style":"normal"},{"_key":"a8c2367d0b3c","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"e546a70d558b","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"more antigens"}],"level":1,"listItem":"bullet","markDefs":[],"style":"normal"},{"_key":"0297df2fe086","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"45cbb780c43a","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"...leading to a faster and more effective response in the future."}],"markDefs":[],"style":"normal"},{"_key":"9c634bf7cf75","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"57777024636c","_type":"span","marks":["strong"],"text":"Can I just get one shot instead of 2?"}],"markDefs":[],"style":"h3"},{"_key":"035289a07ad0","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"8ec8455386f2","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"Nope! Pfizer’s data showed a dramatic divergence in efficacy:"}],"markDefs":[],"style":"normal"},{"_key":"8088cb1094e1","_type":"editorialImageCarousel","items":[{"_key":"af6092f6578c","_type":"editorialImageAndText","imageCaption":{"_type":"imageCaption","image":{"_type":"image","asset":{"_ref":"image-905623f30657f8d897d5704f44aab4f569234f2f-2103x1044-png","_type":"reference"}}},"text":[{"_key":"27386bf525f4","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"01faee2d4812","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"2 doses is pretty standard for vaccines!"}],"markDefs":[],"style":"normal"}]}]},{"_key":"546597925d22","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"2a7b2f5ab2ea","_type":"span","marks":["strong"],"text":"What are the short-term side effects?"}],"markDefs":[],"style":"h3"},{"_key":"d825e2a9f300","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"e5e0a2cae577","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"A small percentage of patients who’ve received the vaccine have experienced..."}],"markDefs":[],"style":"normal"},{"_key":"01870ac34c6b","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"f4998fa25bc1","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"high fevers"}],"level":1,"listItem":"bullet","markDefs":[{"_key":"59d785fa0065","_type":"annotation"}],"style":"normal"},{"_key":"21b74ae8df1e","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"8ee2cffc3145","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"arm swelling"}],"level":1,"listItem":"bullet","markDefs":[],"style":"normal"},{"_key":"543bcab7619b","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"a63fe56145ee","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"joint pain"}],"level":1,"listItem":"bullet","markDefs":[],"style":"normal"},{"_key":"67f401a6c2c7","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"aac67e08bfd6","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"fatigue"}],"level":1,"listItem":"bullet","markDefs":[],"style":"normal"},{"_key":"4ba55b13ea4f","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"e660b495e286","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"These side-effects are normal. On a larger scale, when a whole country is vaccinated, millions of people will experience some, or all, of these symptoms.\n\nOther common reactions include:"}],"markDefs":[],"style":"normal"},{"_key":"185e3194cb2a","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"e8af8a7c8ae8","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"soreness, swelling, or redness at the injection site"}],"level":1,"listItem":"bullet","markDefs":[],"style":"normal"},{"_key":"471f203cce8d","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"79b58340f391","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"headache"}],"level":1,"listItem":"bullet","markDefs":[],"style":"normal"},{"_key":"62e446fbbafd","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"f9b3825727e2","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"nausea"}],"level":1,"listItem":"bullet","markDefs":[],"style":"normal"},{"_key":"8549ee063a23","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"51843b128021","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"muscle stiffness & aches"}],"level":1,"listItem":"bullet","markDefs":[],"style":"normal"},{"_key":"199c8c1e3d0b","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"438b81cbbf74","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"These effects are just what happens when your body is responding to a foreign protein and building an immune response to the disease — this is a good thing!"}],"markDefs":[],"style":"normal"},{"_key":"cce93f5cb215","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"c52d00b21d95","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"What about allergic reactions?"}],"markDefs":[],"style":"h3"},{"_key":"7319357ed2b3","_type":"editorialImageCarousel","items":[{"_key":"af6092f6578c","_type":"editorialImageAndText","imageCaption":{"_type":"imageCaption","image":{"_type":"image","asset":{"_ref":"image-006cf58101140edd6ac4833294667e6a16b343ef-2103x1044-png","_type":"reference"}}}}]},{"_key":"1f4eb20b8d1b","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"06d81ee8ba4b","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"Should I get the vaccine if I’ve had Covid?"}],"markDefs":[],"style":"h3"},{"_key":"d2f083df6ad0","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"e44ae95f7a24","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"Yes! Early data strongly suggests that the mRNA vaccines will be more protective than protections from a previous infection."}],"markDefs":[],"style":"normal"},{"_key":"f26557263c13","_type":"editorialImageCarousel","items":[{"_key":"f9190eaa4163","_type":"editorialImageAndText","imageCaption":{"_type":"imageCaption","image":{"_type":"image","asset":{"_ref":"image-e5c47ceb5c39842e84dbbd5f7204832c470509c7-2103x766-png","_type":"reference"}}}}]},{"_key":"5df85e91bd69","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"8fbd86e6158c","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"What are the long-term side effects?"}],"markDefs":[],"style":"h3"},{"_key":"2e3e4699b8ba","_type":"block","children":[{"_key":"1c724e0da280","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":" There is limited information on long-term side effects yet but based on a long history of vaccines. It is unlikely that there will be long-term negative effects. \n\nClinical trials catch all but the rarest adverse events, which will be caught by postmarketing surveillance. These events are rare and do not represent and do not represent a good reason to avoid a vaccine, especially amidst a pandemic. \n\n"},{"_key":"3491e3bf4af1","_type":"span","marks":["strong"],"text":"THE DOSE is your science-backed guide to Covid-19 vaccines, from Tia. 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